Nozzle for projecting a fine stream of fluid



March 10, 1931. 1,795,314

NOZZLE FOR PROJECTING A FINE STREAM OF FLUID Filed Dec. '7, 1928 Fig.1

,5 -7 1 13.3. 5 V i v 3 1 \8 f 3 i Q ao 9 4mm lnvenror Fred C.Philli s IWE I Afrysl Patented Mar. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES FRED c. PHILLIPS, or s'rouenron, MASSACHUSETTS NOZZLE FOR PROJECTING .A FINE STREAM OF FLUID Application filed December 7, 1928. Serial No. 324,556.

This invention relates to improvements in nozzles for pro'ecting a fine stream or jet of liquid or other uid or to nozzles in which the stream or jet may be produced by a positive 5. pressure upon the liquid or fluid or by the suction of a partial vacuum acting to draw the fluid through the nozzle.

It is found in practice that it is diflicult to make a nozzle which will produce a fine w. stream of liquid under pressure without causing the jet to spray or atomize. One of the chief objects of this invention is to provide a nozzle which will project a fine jet of liquid without causing it to spray or atomize.

A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle which will function eficiently without becoming clogged by solid particles of foreign matter lodging in the orifice of the nozzle.

A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle which may be manufactured uniformly and economically according to the requirements of nozzles of this type having veryminute orifices.

25 A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle having a relatively large conduit within Which a separate member is fixed such member havin a minute orifice therein which may be ma e either by drilling or punching before fixing the disc into the nozzle.

A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle the elements of which may be thoroughly cleansed of chips and foreign matter before assembling.

Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle having a fine orifice formed in a thin disc fixed in the liquid passage and in which the disc is protected against injury.

These, and other objects and features will more fully appear from the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Preferred embodiments are illustrated in the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a general view illustrating the nozzle as applied to a particular form of liquid projecting apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a general view of a carburetor em- 50 ploying the principles of the invention.

presence of foreign matter.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional View on a large scale of the nozzle.

The invention consists generally of a nozzle having a body portion of any convenient shape or size having a conduit therethrough. 5 A disc is secured within this conduit at the outer end of the nozzle. Within the disc is formed a small liquid delivery orifice which may be formed in a thin flat disc or may have an orifice formed therein in any manner in order to present a wall having a substantially knife edge periphery. The nozzle may be an integral part of some associated apparatus or may be a separate device. In the latter case any convenient means may be employed to secure it in the desired position. One method of accomplishing this is by forming a screw threaded nipple upon the inlet end thereof.

To construct a one piece nozzle with such an orifice therein has been found to be a very difiicult matter. The boring and counterboring operations necessary to produce the desired result impose far too great a task upon practical production methods. Furthermore if it were possible to thus construct the device it would be very difiicult to wash out the chips formed by the drilling operations. If the nozzle were installed with chips or other foreign matter present within the passage such chips would very.,soon become lodged in the orifice and destroy the effectiveness of the nozzle.

The body portion of the present device is bored out to form a relatively large passage which may be thoroughly cleansed of all chips and foreign matter before inserting the disc thus insuring that the device will initially be free from stoppage due to the Screens may be set in the path of the incoming liquid to keep the orifice free thereafter. Much difliculty is experienced in drilling a fine orifice due to breakage of drills. This difficulty may be overcome in the manufacture of the present invention b punching the orifice in 95 a thin disc before xing it in the body portion of the nozzle. It will thus be seen that an orifice having a very thin peripheral wall may be constructed with ease and accuracy.

It is found that a disc of sheet material pref- 9.

erably of metal as thin as 3/1000 of an inch may be employed to form the orifice.

It has been found that the length of the wall of the orifice has a material effect upon the character of the liquid jet. If the wall is too long skin friction of the liquid against the wall will be sufficient to decrease the velocity of the outer layer of liquid relative to the liquid in the center of the jet to such an extent that the jet will spray out or atomize soon after it emerges from the orifice. By reducing the len h of the orifice wall to a minimum this ten ency to spray or atomize is overcome. The present invention provides a practical structure which will accomplish this result.

The device is very universal in its adaptation. The drawings illustrate two very apt uses to which the nozzle may be put. It is of course apparent that there are many other instances where a highly efficient nozzle of this character may be employed. For lubricating certain parts of automobiles or for reaching inaccessible bearings of any description it is desirable to project a fine stream of lubricant a considerable distance. For purposes of illustration I have herein shown as one embodiment of the invention a device similar to that disclosed in the U. S. Patent No. 1,730,684, dated October 8, 1929 which is a device for projecting such a stream of lubricant. In place of the nozzle therein disclosed a nozzle employing the principles of the present invention is used. The device consists of a pump 1 the lower end of which is immersed in a body of liquid 2 contained in a can 3 and so arranged as to be readily detached therefrom. The liquid is drawn into the pump by withdrawing the piston 4 against the action of the spring 5 by means of the handle 6. A check valve at the lower end of the pump retains the pressure upon the liquid column within the pump created by the spring 5. The piston rod 7 is hollow to provide a conduit 8 for the liquid. The conduit 8 communicates with another conduit 9 which leads directly to the nozzle. The flow of liquid is controlled by a manually operable valve 10 situated within the conduit 8.

The nozzle itself may have various forms consistent with the scope of the claims. The particular form herein presented is chosen merely to provide the means of accurately describing the invention. A body portion 11 has a shoulder 12 thereon and a threaded end portion 13 which is received by internal screw threads 14 in the end of the conduit 9. relatively large passage 15 is formed therein by casting, boring, or in any convenient manner. This passage extends well toward the outer end of the nozzle.

Another bore 16 of slightly smaller diameter communicates with the bore 15 and extends to within a short distance of the end of the nozzle. A shoulder 17 isformed in the end of this bore by counter-boring the tip of the nozzle to a slightly larger diameter than the bore 16 as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 3. A disc 18, preferably of thin sheet metal, is then inserted against the shoulder 17 after which the outermost edges of the nozzle are spun down upon the outer edge of the disc 18 thus looking it in place. The discharge orifice may be formed in the disc in any manner but preferably by punching which is done before insertin the disc in the nozzle. It will be noted t at the operation of inserting and fixing the disc within the nozzle requires no machining or other operation which will result in an accumulation of chips or foreign matter within the liquid passage.

A valuable feature of the invention is its ability to remainfree from obstruction regardless of the presence of solid particles or foreign matter in the liquid. The velocity of the liquid passing through the relatively large bore 15 is low. As a result of this if any foreign matter reaches this point it will have settled to the bottom of the bore before reaching the orifice. Since there is a very abrupt and appreciable difference of diameter between the lar e bore and the orifice foreign particles Wlll become trapped at some point remote from the orifice thus insuring that the nozzle will continue to function freely. Other methods of fixing the disc within the nozzle may however be employed without departing from the invention.

In order to further protect the nozzle from becoming clogged a cylindrical screen 20 may be inserted in the body of the nozzle to filter the liquid. This screen may be of any convenient form and is herein shown as a cylinder of fine mesh screening of a diameter to fit snugly the passage 15 in the nozzle. The cylinder may be formed by rolling'up a section of the screening of the proper length and of sufficient size to have a substantial overlap along its longitudinal seam. One end is then dipped in solder in such a way that one of the open ends of the cylinder will be completely plugged up with a slug of the solder. This latter process will also serve to retain the cylinder in proper shape. The other end of the screen is left open and is inserted in the nozzle so that the open end Will seat against the shoulder 21. The closed end thereof projects into the conduit 9 which is of a greater diameter than the screen thus allowing the liquid to flow around the outside and through the mesh of the screen and thence to the orifice 19.

Another important use of the invention is for the carburation of fuel in hydrocarbon en ines. Fig. 3 discloses an illustrative emb0 iment of the invention as applied to a carburetor 22. The disc 18 may be fixed directly in the body of the carburetor. A preferable construction is herein shown in which a special nozzle 23 is detachably secured to the carburetor. The nozzle 23 is located within the float chamber 24 in such position that the orifice 19 in the disc 18 will have the correct relation to the liquid level in the float chamber. Under these conditions the orifice will be acting under a partial vacuum to proper fuel air ratio to supply the Under normal running conditions the small orifice 19 will constitute a uniform fuel inlet for the carburetor. If however it is desired to vary the fuel supply a needle valve 25 may be installed. Any convenient arrangement may be made to control the fuel by means of the valve. As herein shown a valve seat 26 is formed within the nozzle 23 which acts in conjunction with the valve to restrict the flow of fuel to the orifice. The valve 25 preferably has a screw threaded portion 27 which engages screw threads 28 in the lower portion of the nozzle -23.- In order to properly adjust the carburetor it is merely necessary to rotate the valve 25 until the proper mixture is obtained.- A suitable stufling box 29 is provided to prevent leakage of the fuel about the needle valve.

It is apparent that the field of usefulness of the device herein disclosed is not confined to the projection of a liquid stream. It may be used to produce a mixture of liquid and gas or to feed a gas to a pipe line at a low pressure from a vessel containing the gas under high pressure and many other 1nstances where a liquid or fluid must pass through a small orifice. Furthermore the broadprinciples of the invention may be employed in any manner within the spirit and scope of the following claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. A fluid projecting device comprising a conduit for the fluid, a nozzle having a body provided with an inner passage of smaller diameter than said conduit, a bore of smaller diameter. in axial alignment therewith pre senting an inner shoulder at the junction with said passage, a counter-bore extending inwardly from the end of said body portion presenting an outer shoulder, a thin disk fixed against said outer shoulder having a circular central opening of minute area relatively to the cross sectional area of said passage whereby the motion of the liquid as it approaches the minute opening will be substantially linear being uninterrupted and unmodified during its passage through the body of the nozzle and a non-spraying jet produced.

2. A fluid projecting device comprising a conduit for the fluid, a nozzle having a body provided with an inner passage of smaller diameter than said conduit, a bore of smaller diameter in axial alignment therewith presenting an inner shoulder at the junction with said passage, a fine meshed reticulated cylindrical screen provided with an imperforate closure at one end having its open end detachably inserted in the passage in'said nozzle and seated against said inner shoulder, the opposite end thereof extending beyond the outer end of said body into said fluid supplying conduit, a counter-bore ex tending inwardly from the end of said body portion presenting, an outer shoulder, and a thin disk fixed against said outer shoulder having a circular central opening of'minute area relatively to the cross sectional area of said passage whereby the liquid will flow through said passage at a slow velocity re1 atively-to that of the jet projected by said opening thereby permitting the trapping of foreign matter in the passage and avoiding obstruction of the minute opening.

3. A fluid projecting device comprising a conduit for the fluid, a nozzle having a body provided with an inner passage in alignment withsaid conduit, an axial bore of smaller diameter in the end of said conduit, a thin.

disc arranged transversely of said bore having a circular central opening of minute area operable to project a non-spraying jet from said bore and so to restrict the velocity of flow of the liquid through said passage relative to the velocity of said jet as to permit the trapping of foreign material in said passage thereby avoiding obstruction of said minute opening.

4. A fluid projecting device comprising a conduit for the fluid, a nozzle having a body provided with an inner passage of smaller diameter than said conduit, a bore in the end of said nozzle of smaller diameter than said passage in axial alignment therewith presenting an inner shoulder at the junction of said passage, a fine meshed reticulated cylindrical screen provided with an imperforate closure at one end having its other end detachablysecured within said passage and seated against said inner shoulder, the opposite end thereof extending beyond the outer end of said body into said fluid-supplying conduit, a thin disc arranged transversely of said bore having a circular central opening, of minute area operable to project a nonspraying jet from said bore and so to restrict the velocity of flow of liquid through said passage relatively to the velocity of said jet as to permit the trapping of foreign material in said passage thereby avoiding obstruction of said minute opening.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

FRED C. PHILLIPS. 

